Three minutes to read “high-tech” LED lights

One: What is LED

The light source has gone through the development process of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp and LED. led tape light has the advantages of low energy consumption, high brightness, no mercury and no toxicity, long life, instant start and strong plasticity. It has replaced the traditional light source.

The so-called LED is the abbreviation of Light Emitting Diode, namely light-emitting Diode, which is a kind of semiconductor light-emitting material. When the forward voltage is applied at both ends, the carriers in the semiconductor compound to cause photon emission and generate Light. Leds can directly emit red, yellow, blue, green, cyan, orange, purple and white light.

SMD patch lamp bead

Two: LED lamp bead structure

LED lamp bead structure diagram

1. An LED light source is composed of bracket, chip, glue, phosphor and wire

2, LED bracket is generally made of copper (also iron, aluminum and ceramics, etc.), because the electrical conductivity of copper is very good, there will be a lead inside it to connect the electrode inside the LED lamp bead.

3. High-end light source wires are 0.999 pure gold wires, with diameters of 0.8mil and 1.0mil. Some low – cost manufacturers use copper – doped alloy wire.

4, phosphor is to adjust the color temperature of the light source.

5, common high-end chips are: American CREE (CREE), Bridgelux (Puri); Nichia (Japan), Osram (Germany); Taiwan: Crystal element.

Wafer & amp; amp; amp; kori

Medium and low-end chips: Guangjia, Taigu, Guanghong, New Century, Yiguang, Baihong, Guanglei; Mainland China: Mulinsen, Xiamen SAN ‘an, Shanghai Blu-ray, Silan Mingxin, Dalian Lumei……. (China now mainly uses Taiwanese chips)

LED lamp bead packaging after forming, the lamp bead can be removed from the bracket, the copper feet at both ends of the lamp bead becomes the positive and negative pole, used for welding to LED lamps or other LED products.

Three: common LED light source

Common LED models in the market include 2835, 5050, 5730, 5630, 3030, 4040, 7030 and integrated COB and high-power lamp beads. The light source models are named after the length and width of the patch. Taking SMD patch as an example, the following figure shows 2835 patch, which is 2.8 in width and 3.5 in length. This kind of illuminant is often used at LED bulb, downlight, shoot light, absorb dome light, lamp belt, lamp tube to wait a moment. Each power is about 0.1W-1W more

SMD2835 patch

High-power lamp beads are commonly 1W, 2W, 3W each, often used for spotlights and outdoor lamps.

High power LED lamp bead

COB integrated light source is usually 5-50W each and is often used for high-power lamps such as spotlights, track lights and floodlights.

COB integrated light source

Four: often said LED parameter indicators

1. Color temperature: The smaller the value, the redder the color, the bluer the color, and the whiter the middle value. The normal light color range is about 3000K-6500K, namely warm white light and positive white light. Now the most popular neutral light is about 4000K, (the color difference of inferior light source is very large. It is common for warm white light to be red and positive white light to be blue.

Color temperature comparison table

2. Luminous efficiency: the ratio of the luminous flux emitted by the light source to the power consumed is called luminous efficiency, and the unit is flow LM/W (lumens/watt). Different sources emit the same luminous flux, the less power consumed, the higher the luminous efficiency.

3. Brightness: it is defined as the brightness of the light source unit, that is, the luminous intensity on the unit projection area. Brightness is measured in candela per square meter (CD /m2) and is a person’s perception of the intensity of light. It’s a subjective quantity.

4. Illuminance: refers to the luminous flux of visible light received per unit area. The unit is Lux or Lx. An amount used to indicate the intensity of illumination and the extent to which an object’s surface area is illuminated.

Illuminance diagram

5, color rendering index :(the most simple understanding is to restore the true color degree of the article. The higher the color rendering index is, the more true the color will be. Usually, the color rendering index of high-quality LED light source can reach 85 or more, and the definition of daylight and incandescent lamp is 100). The color rendering ability of the light source on the object is called color rendering, which is compared with the appearance color of the object under the reference or reference light source (incandescent lamp or sunlight) with the same color temperature. The spectral content of the light emitted determines the color of the light source,

Color rendering index schematic diagram

6, light decline: LED light decline refers to LED after a period of light, the light intensity will be lower than the original light intensity, and the low part is LED light decline. According to international practice, 30% light failure can be identified as product failure, many inferior products have exceeded this value in less than half a year, there are many factors affecting light failure, the quality of light source itself, drive, heat dissipation are important factors affecting light failure.

Five: some factors affecting the quality of LED

1, the advantages and disadvantages of the selected raw materials.

2, the packaging process is perfect (there is no dust, components fit perfectly), heat dissipation copper pad material.

Six: life: high quality LED theoretical life of 100,000 hours

Why the service life of LED lamps and lanterns is very short or even less than a year, there are many factors related to the life of lamps and lanterns, such as: the quality of the drive power supply itself, the matching degree of the drive power supply and the light source, the assembly process of lamps and lanterns.

Today introduced the LED light source, I believe we have a preliminary understanding of the LED light source, we buy LED lamps and lanterns boldly ask a sentence “boss, what chip do you use lamp?” You might find something unexpected. You don’t believe me? You try. The shopper is no longer confused when introducing a lot of jargon. Have you learned how to be smart?

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